Issue 1 (March)

The development of philanthropy plays a significant role in fostering a harmonious society and narrowing the wealth gap. This study focuses on Zhejiang Province and constructs a measurement indicator system for the willingness to participate in personal philanthropy. Using data collected through questionnaires and empirical analysis with Stata 18, the study examines the measurement of philanthropic willingness and its influencing factors. The results indicate significant differences in philanthropic willingness across various prefecture-level cities, with Jiaxing and Jinhua standing out. Factors such as moral values, trust in charitable organizations, and tax incentives have a significant positive impact on philanthropic willingness, while income level shows a negative relationship with philanthropic participation. This paper proposes recommendations to improve institutional frameworks, optimize incentives, promote philanthropic culture, and enhance platforms to strengthen public trust in philanthropy and increase public participation. These findings provide empirical support and policy references for the high-quality development of philanthropy in Zhejiang Province.

The capability of financial risk management directly impacts a company's competitiveness. Financial risks such as financing risks and investment risks inevitably exist during corporate operations. Financial risk control affects resource integration capabilities and may even lead to corporate bankruptcy, making it crucial for enterprises to strengthen financial risk management. Big data technology provides new approaches for financial risk management. This paper analyzes the current financial risk management status of Du Technology Co., Ltd., identifies existing issues through financial indicators, and proposes innovative management strategies for corporate financial risks in the big data era. These strategies include enhancing internal controls, improving internal auditing, establishing financial risk early-warning mechanisms, and promoting financial personnel transformation, aiming to strengthen operational stability.

Background: Low back pain (LBP), affecting ~10% of the global population, is a major public health challenge, with elevated prevalence in China (20.88–29.88%). Lumbar disc herniation (LDH), a leading cause of LBP (12–43% of cases), involves nucleus pulposus displacement and annulus fibrosus compromise. While conservative therapies resolve symptoms in 75% of patients, refractory cases necessitate surgery. Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy (PELD) is a minimally invasive option with favorable outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the efficacy of minimally invasive surgeries for LDH, focusing on pain reduction, functional improvement, and recurrence.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched using keywords related to LDH, minimally invasive surgery, and clinical outcomes. Eligible studies included confirmed LDH diagnoses, detailed surgical data, and postoperative outcome measures. Two researchers independently screened articles and extracted data. Meta-analyses (RevMan 5.4, STATA 17.0) employed random-effects models to calculate mean differences (MDs) and odds ratios (ORs). Sensitivity and publication bias analyses were conducted.

Results: Among 11,626 screened articles, 14 studies (1,108 patients) met inclusion criteria. All procedures significantly reduced back and leg pain at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic (UBE) surgery demonstrated the largest improvements in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain across all intervals. PELD with annular suture yielded the highest Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) improvements (MD: 65.32 at 3 months; 70.93 at 12 months). UBE also outperformed other techniques in functional outcomes. Recurrence rates between Microendoscopic Lumbar Discectomy (MELD) and PELD were comparable (OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.37–2.22).

Conclusion: Minimally invasive surgeries, particularly UBE and PELD with annular suture, significantly improve pain and function in LDH patients. Despite methodological heterogeneity, results robustly support their efficacy. Personalized surgical selection and standardized protocols are critical to optimizing outcomes. Future research should prioritize identifying patient-specific predictors of success to guide precision interventions. This analysis provides evidence-based insights to enhance clinical decision-making and patient quality of life.