This paper aims to explore the use of "Internet+" technology to flip the traditional classroom teaching model in order to better enhance students’learning outcomes in the fields of medical microbiology and immunology. Through research and practice, it has been found that the flipped classroom approach can stimulate students’ interest in learning, enhance their ability for self-directed learning, and promote deep learning. This paper will combine specific cases with the latest research findings to propose more concrete teaching strategies and suggestions, and discuss how to effectively evaluate the application effects of the flipped classroom in the teaching of medical microbiology and immunology. The goal is to provide reference and inspiration for educational reform.

The advantages of forest resources in Chengde provide a diversified material foundation for the development of understory economic industries. This article conducts a survey and research on the current development status of the understory economic industry in Chengde, summarizes the development model and experience of the understory economic industry, points out the problems in the development process, proposes rational countermeasures and suggestions, and provides reference for promoting high-quality development of forestry and building a strong forestry city.

College students are in a special period of physiological and psychological development and maturity. With the increasing pressure of learning and life, parent-child conflicts often occur, and poor communication can make parent-child conflicts more serious. Painting therapy uses painting as a medium to communicate with the individual's subconscious, thereby improving emotional disorders and repairing parent-child relationships. This study takes a female college student as an example. Through painting therapy, she learns self relaxation methods, assists her in mastering mandala painting therapy for self-awareness, alleviates parent-child conflicts, improves parent-child relationships, promotes reasonable self-awareness and self-acceptance, and promotes individual mental health and development. At the same time, exploring individual interventions in parent-child conflicts can also enrich research on painting therapy.

Background: Exosomes derived from plant embryo cells have emerged as key players in mediating stress responses in plants. This study investigates the functional roles of exosomes from Arabidopsis thaliana embryo cells in enhancing plant tolerance to drought and salinity stress. Understanding these roles could lead to innovative applications in agriculture for improving crop resilience.

Methods: Exosomes were isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana embryo cells using ultracentrifugation. The characterization of exosome cargo included proteomic and lipidomic analyses to identify key molecules involved in stress responses. Plant stress tolerance was assessed through exosome treatment under controlled conditions of drought and salinity. Parameters such as relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, and expression levels of stress-responsive genes (DREB1A, RD29A) were measured to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment.

Results: Exosome treatment significantly improved plant tolerance to drought and salinity, evidenced by increased RWC and chlorophyll levels compared to untreated controls. Molecular analysis revealed that exosomes contained bioactive molecules, including small RNAs and stress-related proteins, which were associated with the upregulation of stress-responsive genes. The findings suggest that exosomes enhance stress tolerance by delivering regulatory molecules that activate stress response pathways.

Conclusions: The study highlights the potential of exosomes derived from plant embryo cells to improve plant resilience against environmental stressors. The integration of exosome-based technologies in agriculture could provide a sustainable approach to enhancing crop performance under adverse conditions. Future research should focus on optimizing exosome production and assessing their efficacy in field settings to fully leverage their benefits in agricultural practices.